44
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14 April 2025

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in initiating inflammatory signaling in the lungs in response to pathogens and environmental triggers. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) primarily activates TLR4, while viral stimuli preferentially engage TLR7/8. Previous pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that stimulating TLR4 and TLR7/8 ...

32
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07 April 2025

Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (BIAH) is dedicated to improving animal health by understanding the drivers of chronic inflammation in canine periodontitis. Canine periodontitis is a common oral disease in dogs characterized by inflammation and destruction of the periodontal tissues, leading to tooth loss and potential systemic health implications.

52
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17 March 2025

Glutamate is a vital central nervous system neurotransmitter that plays a role in various neuronal functions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) regulate glutamate release and signaling pathways. Among these receptors, mGluR2, a receptor highly expressed in limbic regions throughout the brain, functions as an auto-receptor at pre-synaptic terminals.

36
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03 March 2025

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are tetrameric ion channels that play critical roles in the development and function of the central nervous system and have been extensively studied. Conventional NMDARs, composed of two GluN1 and two GluN2 subunits, require glutamate and glycine for their activation, which is essential for neuronal plasticity and regulation of synaptic strength.

21
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10 February 2025

The human ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily C (ABCC) consists of 12 integral membrane proteins. Among them, nine proteins (ABCC1-ABCC6, ABCC10-ABCC12) form the multidrug resistance protein subfamily. These MRP proteins are widely expressed in the body. MRP4, for instance, is expressed in various tissues and organs, including the brain, liver, and kidney.

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